R Operators
Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:
R divides the operators in the following groups:
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- Logical operators
- Miscellaneous operators
R Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:
| Operator | Name | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | x + y | Try it » |
| - | Subtraction | x - y | Try it » |
| * | Multiplication | x * y | Try it » |
| / | Division | x / y | Try it » |
| ^ | Exponent | x ^ y | Try it » |
| %% | Modulus (Remainder from division) | x %% y | Try it » |
| %/% | Integer Division | x%/%y | Try it » |
R Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:
Note: <<- is a global
assigner. You will learn more about this in the Global Variable chapter.
It is also possible to turn the direction of the assignment operator.
x <- 3 is equal to 3 -> x
R Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two values:
| Operator | Name | Example | Try it |
|---|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | x == y | Try it » |
| != | Not equal | x != y | Try it » |
| > | Greater than | x > y | Try it » |
| < | Less than | x < y | Try it » |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | x >= y | Try it » |
| <= | Less than or equal to | x <= y | Try it » |
R Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| & | Element-wise Logical AND operator. Returns TRUE if both elements are TRUE |
| && | Logical AND operator - Returns TRUE if both statements are TRUE |
| | | Elementwise- Logical OR operator. Returns TRUE if one of the statements is TRUE |
| || | Logical OR operator. Returns TRUE if one of the statements is TRUE |
| ! | Logical NOT - Returns FALSE if statement is TRUE |
R Miscellaneous Operators
Miscellaneous operators are used to manipulate data:
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| : | Creates a series of numbers in a sequence | x <- 1:10 |
| %in% | Find out if an element belongs to a vector | x %in% y |
| %*% | Matrix Multiplication | x <- Matrix1 %*% Matrix2 |
Note: You will learn more about Matrix multiplication and matrices in a later chapter.
